■ The former kingdom of Kashmir is located at the mountain range of the Himalayas. The largest city Srinagar is surrounded by snow-capped 5.000-meterstoppar. This cool oasis was an obvious tourist destination before the conflict broke out.
■ Conflict if the shared territory has been going on for 72 years, ever since India’s 1947 independence from colonial power Britain and was divided into India and the muslim state of Pakistan.
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■ Both India and Pakistan think they have a right to the former kingdom of Kashmir. The country has a muslim befolkningsmajoritet but ruled by a hindu among forts and maharaja before independence.
■ In all the years, Kashmir dominated the arch-enemies India and Pakistan’s foreign policy. Both the countries have taken the conflict as a reason to invest heavily in military arms race.
■ Two of the three wars which countries have fought have been about Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan have in the day of the big nuclear arsenals.
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■ first world war ended in 1949 with a UN-backed truce, in which Kashmir was divided between India (the largest part), Pakistan and China (which controls a small inaccessible mountain ranges). The idea was that a referendum would determine whether Kashmir would be part of India or Pakistan, but it was never implemented. India annexed his portion, and since then the truce has worked as a border.
■ 1989 amended the conflict of the character. Then they began to militant islamic guerrilla groups based in Pakistan, carrying out attacks in the indian part of Kashmir. Since then it has between 50,000 and 100,000 people have been killed. The militant groups have received support from the government of Pakistan and the secret service, the ISI, which, however, officially denied by the regime in Islamabad.
Srinagar is surrounded by snow-capped mountains. Photo: Tauseef Mustafa/AFP
■ A terrorist attack on the parliament in India’s capital of New Delhi in 2001 with links to the kashmir conflict triggered a long period of cold between the countries. In the spring of 2002 was more than a million soldiers are assembled along the common border, and a fourth war was very near.
■ the Conflict culminated in 2001 and 2002. Then killed more than a thousand people in the month on several occasions.
■ multiple times : peace talks completed, but it is difficult to see a slutlösning that both sides can accept. Much prestige is at stake. In Srinagar, the capital of the indian part of the Kasmhir, there are many in the muslim population who want Kashmir to become independent.
■ After ten quiet years escalated the conflict in Kashmir up in 2018. According to the human rights organisation JKCCS killed 586 people in the area in the last year, of which half of the warring militants.
■ Relations between India and Pakistan has deteriorated in the hindunationalistiska prime minister Narendra Modis first five years in power. Parliamentary elections are held in India later in april and may.
■ Pakistan led since the last summer of the national hero Imran Khan, who is considered to have been one of the best bowlers ever. Imran Khan is considered to have a ”complicated” relationship to the motley crowd of militant islamist groups in pakistan.
Mia Holmgren: Nationalism flowing after the dramatic escalation in the kashmir conflict